Which term describes a reproductive strategy where organisms release eggs and sperm into the water for external fertilization?

Which term describes a reproductive strategy where organisms release eggs and sperm into the water for external fertilization?

• A. Broadcast spawning
• B. Hydrothermal vents
• C. Worm cast
• D. Suckers

Answer: (A)

External fertilization, where eggs and sperm are released into the surrounding water and fertilization occurs outside the body, is called broadcast spawning. This strategy involves releasing large numbers of gametes into the environment, often timed with environmental cues so many gametes coincide. The advantage is producing many offspring with little individual investment, while the eggs and sperm drift and meet in the water, increasing the chance of fertilization despite dilution and predation. It’s common in many marine organisms like corals, many fishes, and various invertebrates. In contrast, a habitat like hydrothermal vents is just where some species live, worm cast is worm excrement, and suckers are physical structures, not reproductive methods.